2023-02-23
原文作者:极客挖掘机 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/babycomeon/category/1493460.html

Spring Cloud Alibaba | Nacos服务注册与发现

Springboot: 2.1.6.RELEASE

SpringCloud: Greenwich.SR1

如无特殊说明,本系列文章全采用以上版本

目录

  • Spring Cloud Alibaba | Nacos服务注册与发现

      1. 服务提供者
      • 1.1 pom.xml项目依赖
      • 1.2 配置文件application.yml
      • 1.3 启动类ProducerApplication.java
      • 1.4 controller
      • 1.5 测试
      1. 服务消费者
      • 2.1 pom.xml项目依赖
      • 2.2 配置文件application.yml
      • 2.3 启动类NacosCosumersApplication.java
      • 2.4 Feign远程调用
      • 2.5 web层调用远程接口 Controller
      • 2.6 测试
      1. 集成Gateway
      • 3.1 pom.xml项目依赖
      • 3.2 配置文件application.xml
      • 3.3 启动类NacosGatewayApplication.java
      • 3.4 测试

上一篇《Spring Cloud Alibaba | Nacos服务中心初探》我们聊了什么是Nacos以及Nacos如何搭建,这一篇我们接着聊Nacos如何简单使用。

首先,Nacos是一个服务注册和服务发现的注册中心,在Spring Cloud中,可以替代Eureka的功能,我们先聊一下Nacos如何和Spring Cloud集成做一个注册中心。

整体流程为:

  1. 先启动注册中心Nacos
  2. 启动服务的提供者将提供服务,并将服务注册到注册中心Nacos上
  3. 启动服务的消费者,在Nacos中找到服务并完成消费

1. 服务提供者

新建一个producer的项目,项目依赖如下:

1.1 pom.xml项目依赖

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    	<parent>
    		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    		<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
    		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    	</parent>
    	<groupId>com.springcloud</groupId>
    	<artifactId>producer</artifactId>
    	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    	<name>producer</name>
    	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
    	<properties>
    		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
    	</properties>
    
    	<dependencies>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
    			<version>0.9.0.RELEASE</version>
    		</dependency>
    
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    			<scope>test</scope>
    		</dependency>
    	</dependencies>
    
    	<build>
    		<plugins>
    			<plugin>
    				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    			</plugin>
    		</plugins>
    	</build>
    
    </project>

增加Nacos的服务发现的依赖:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery,根据版本SpringCloud和SpringBoot的版本,这里我们使用0.9.0.RELEASE版本。其他版本使用请看上一篇《Spring Cloud Alibaba | Nacos服务中心初探》

1.2 配置文件application.yml

    server:
      port: 9000
    spring:
      application:
        name: spring-cloud-nacos-producer
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: localhost:8848

1.3 启动类ProducerApplication.java

    package com.springcloud.producer;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    public class ProducerApplication {
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		SpringApplication.run(ProducerApplication.class, args);
    	}
    
    }

@EnableDiscoveryClient 注册服务至Nacos。

1.4 controller

    package com.springcloud.producer.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    /**
     * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
     *
     * @Date: 2019/7/14
     * @Time: 10:04
     * @email: inwsy@hotmail.com
     * Description:
     */
    @RestController
    public class HelloController {
    
        @RequestMapping("/hello")
        public String hello(@RequestParam String name) {
            return "hello "+name+",producer is ready";
        }
    
    }

1.5 测试

启动服务producer,在浏览器访问链接:http://localhost:9000/hello?name=nacos, 可以看到页面显示hello nacos,producer is ready。

打开Nacos显示页面,可以看到服务spring-cloud-nacos-producer正常上线。

202302232309509641.png

到这里,我们的服务提供者已经正常搭建完毕。

2. 服务消费者

2.1 pom.xml项目依赖

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    	<parent>
    		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    		<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
    		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    	</parent>
    	<groupId>com.spring</groupId>
    	<artifactId>nacos-cosumers</artifactId>
    	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    	<name>nacos-cosumers</name>
    	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
    	<properties>
    		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
    		<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
    	</properties>
    
    	<dependencies>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
    			<version>0.9.0.RELEASE</version>
    		</dependency>
    
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    			<scope>test</scope>
    		</dependency>
    	</dependencies>
    
    	<dependencyManagement>
    		<dependencies>
    			<dependency>
    				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
    				<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
    				<type>pom</type>
    				<scope>import</scope>
    			</dependency>
    		</dependencies>
    	</dependencyManagement>
    
    	<build>
    		<plugins>
    			<plugin>
    				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    			</plugin>
    		</plugins>
    	</build>
    
    </project>

这里增加了spring-cloud-starter-openfeign依赖包

2.2 配置文件application.yml

    server:
      port: 8080
    spring:
      application:
        name: spring-cloud-nacos-consumers
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: localhost:8848

2.3 启动类NacosCosumersApplication.java

    package com.spring.nacoscosumers;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
    import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    @EnableFeignClients
    public class NacosCosumersApplication {
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		SpringApplication.run(NacosCosumersApplication.class, args);
    	}
    
    }

@EnableFeignClients这个注解是声明Feign远程调用

2.4 Feign远程调用

创建一个remote接口

    package com.spring.nacoscosumers.remote;
    
    import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
    
    @FeignClient(name= "spring-cloud-nacos-producer")
    public interface HelloRemote {
        @RequestMapping(value = "/hello")
        String hello(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
    }

2.5 web层调用远程接口 Controller

    package com.spring.nacoscosumers.controller;
    
    import com.spring.nacoscosumers.remote.HelloRemote;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    /**
     * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
     *
     * @Date: 2019/7/14
     * @Time: 10:24
     * @email: inwsy@hotmail.com
     * Description:
     */
    @RestController
    public class HelloController {
    
        @Autowired
        HelloRemote helloRemote;
    
        @RequestMapping("/hello/{name}")
        public String index(@PathVariable("name") String name) {
            return helloRemote.hello(name);
        }
    }

2.6 测试

启动服务消费者nacos-consumers,打开浏览器访问链接:http://localhost:8080/hello/nacos, 这时页面正常返回hello nacos,producer is ready,证明我们的已经通过Nacos作为注册中心已经正常提供了服务注册与发现。

3. 集成Gateway

上面介绍了Nacos可以和Feign集成使用,更多的情况下,我们需要和API网关来集成。

这里我们还是使用之前的服务提供者,新建一个服务网关。

这里我们使用了Gateway做演示,想使用Zuul的朋友可以作为参考,在原有Zuul+Eureka的基础上只需要更换配置和依赖包就可以,无需其他过多的修改。

3.1 pom.xml项目依赖

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    	<parent>
    		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    		<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
    		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    	</parent>
    	<groupId>com.spring</groupId>
    	<artifactId>nacos-gateway</artifactId>
    	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    	<name>nacos-gateway</name>
    	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
    	<properties>
    		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
    		<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
    	</properties>
    
    	<dependencies>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
    			<version>0.9.0.RELEASE</version>
    		</dependency>
    
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    			<scope>test</scope>
    		</dependency>
    	</dependencies>
    
    	<dependencyManagement>
    		<dependencies>
    			<dependency>
    				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
    				<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
    				<type>pom</type>
    				<scope>import</scope>
    			</dependency>
    		</dependencies>
    	</dependencyManagement>
    
    	<build>
    		<plugins>
    			<plugin>
    				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    			</plugin>
    		</plugins>
    	</build>
    
    </project>

3.2 配置文件application.xml

    server:
      port: 8088
    spring:
      application:
        name: spring-cloud-nacos-gateway
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: localhost:8848
        gateway:
          discovery:
            locator:
              enabled: true
          routes:
            - id: hello_route
              #格式为:lb://应用注册服务名
              uri: lb://spring-cloud-nacos-producer
              predicates:
                - Method=GET

3.3 启动类NacosGatewayApplication.java

    package com.spring.nacosgateway;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class NacosGatewayApplication {
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		SpringApplication.run(NacosGatewayApplication.class, args);
    	}
    
    }

3.4 测试

我们启动Gateway,打开浏览器访问链接:http://localhost:8088/spring-cloud-nacos-producer/hello?name=nacos, 浏览器正常返回:hello nacos,producer is ready, 证明我们通过服务网关来访问服务是正常的。

最后,我们打开看一下Nacos的服务列表:

202302232309519852.png

这里我把消费者服务停止掉了,可以看到Nacos可以实时的显示出来。

Nacos就介绍到这里,有不清楚的可以给我留言~

Github-示例代码

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