2023-09-12
原文作者:一直不懂 原文地址: https://blog.csdn.net/shenchaohao12321/article/details/85303453

ApplicationContext提供事件处理通过ApplicationEvent类和ApplicationListener接口。如果一个bean实现ApplicationListener接口在容器中,每次一个ApplicationEvent被发布到ApplicationContext中,这类bean就会收到这些通知。从本质上讲,这是标准的观察者设计模式。

实现Spring事件机制主要有4个类:

  • ApplicationEvent:事件,每个实现类表示一类事件,可携带数据。
  • ApplicationListener:事件监听器,用于接收事件处理时间。
  • ApplicationEventMulticaster:事件管理者,用于事件监听器的注册和事件的广播。
  • ApplicationEventPublisher:事件发布者,委托ApplicationEventMulticaster完成事件发布。

1、Spring中的事件:ApplicationEvent

观察者模式中传播的数据比较抽象,如Observable可发布任意的Object,而事件/监听器模式所发布的内容则有类型限制,在Java中他必须是java.util.EventObject对象,虽然在Java语言层面并无此限制,不过这是行之有年的业界规则,所以无论Java Beans还是Java AWT/Swing都遵照改规则,Spring事件自然也不会例外,所以Spring事件抽象类ApplicationEvent必然扩展EventObject。ApplicationEvent事件就是一个包含了任意对象并含有事件对象创建时间戳的类。

    public abstract class ApplicationEvent extends EventObject {
       private static final long serialVersionUID = 7099057708183571937L;
       private final long timestamp;
       public ApplicationEvent(Object source) {
          super(source);
          this.timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
       }
       public final long getTimestamp() {
          return this.timestamp;
       }
    }

EventObject并不提供默认构造器,它需要外部传递一个名为source的构造器参数用于记录并跟踪事件的来源,如Spring事件ContextRefreshedEvent,其事件源为当前ApplicationContext。

下表描述了Spring提供的标准事件:

事件 描述
ContextRefreshedEvent 事件发布在ApplicationContext初始化或刷新时(例如,通过在ConfigurableApplicationContext接口使用refresh()方法)。这里,“初始化”意味着所有bean加载,post-processorbean被检测到并且激活,单例预先实例化,ApplicationContext对象可以使用了。只要上下文没有关闭,可以触发多次刷新,ApplicationContext提供了一种可选择的支持这种“热”刷新。例如,XmlWebApplicationContext支持热刷新,但GenericApplicationContext并非如此。具体是在AbstractApplicationContext的finishRefresh()方法中。
ContextStartedEvent 事件发布在ApplicationContext开始使用ConfigurableApplicationContext接口start()方法。这里,“开始”意味着所有生命周期bean接收到一个明确的起始信号。通常,这个信号用于明确停止后重新启动,但它也可以用于启动组件没有被配置为自动运行(例如,组件还没有开始初始化)。
ContextStoppedEvent 事件发布在ApplicationContext停止时通过使用ConfigurableApplicationContext接口上的stop()方法。在这里,“停止”意味着所有生命周期bean接收一个显式的停止信号。停止上下文可以通过重新调用start()方法。
ContextClosedEvent 事件发布在ApplicationContext关闭时通过关闭ConfigurableApplicationContext接口方法。这里,“封闭”意味着所有单例bean被摧毁。一个封闭的环境达到生命的终结。它不能刷新或重启。
RequestHandledEvent 一个特定的web事件告诉所有能处理HTTP请求的bean。这个事件是在请求完成后发布的。这个事件只适用于使用Spring的DispatcherServlet的web应用程序。

2、Spring事件监听者:ApplicationListener

Java事件监听者必须是EventListener实现类,不过EventListener仅为标签接口,内部并没有提供任何实现方法。

    @FunctionalInterface
    public interface ApplicationListener<E extends ApplicationEvent> extends EventListener {
       void onApplicationEvent(E event);
    }

这么设计是因为他很难适用于所有事件监听场景,如MouseListener,它监听了鼠标点击、鼠标按下及鼠标释放等事件。这么设计的好处是一个实现可以集中处理不同的事件,弊端是未来接口需要增加监听方法时客户端不得不为此变更而适配。

Spring事件监听器实现采取了相反的设计理念,通过限定监听方法数量,仅抽象单一方法onApplicationEvent(ApplicaiotnEvent),当事件监听器接收到它可以处理的事件,会调用onApplicationEvent()方法。注意到ApplicationListener是泛型参数的这样可以参数化的定制事件。这意味着onApplicationEvent()方法可以保持类型安全,避免任何需要向下类型转换。你可以尽可能多的注册你希望事件侦听器,但是注意,默认情况下,事件监听器同步接收事件。这意味着publishEvent()方法会阻塞直到所有的事件监听器成处理完事件。这种单线程同步方法的一个特点是,当一个监听器接收到一个事件时,它运行在事务上下文的发布者线程上如果事务上下文可用。如果事件的发布需要另一种策略(譬如多线程)需要实现自己的 ApplicationEventMulticaster接口类。

由于泛型参数的限制,泛型化的ApplicationListener无法监听不同类型的ApplicationEvent,如ApplicationListener无法同时监听ContextStartedEvent。如果继续使用ApplicationListener又会有上述的问题。为此Spring提供了SmartApplicationListener接口:

    public interface SmartApplicationListener extends ApplicationListener<ApplicationEvent>, Ordered {
    
        //确定此监听器是否实际支持给定的事件类型。
        boolean supportsEventType(Class<? extends ApplicationEvent> eventType);
    
        default boolean supportsSourceType(@Nullable Class<?> sourceType) {
            return true;
        }
    
        @Override
        default int getOrder() {
            return LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
        }
    
    }

该接口通过supportsXXXXType方法过滤需要监听的ApplicationEvent类型和事件源类型,从而达到监听不同类型的ApplicationEvent的目的。

SmartApplicationListener是Spring3.0引入的,在4.2又引入了一个GenericApplicationListener可用来代替SmartApplicationListener,它的supportsEventType方法的参数是一个ResolvableType,更加全面的支持泛型化。

    public interface GenericApplicationListener extends ApplicationListener<ApplicationEvent>, Ordered {
    
       boolean supportsEventType(ResolvableType eventType);
    
       default boolean supportsSourceType(@Nullable Class<?> sourceType) {
          return true;
       }
    
       @Override
       default int getOrder() {
          return LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
       }
    
    }

3、Spring事件监听器注册/事件广播:ApplicationEventMulticaster

ApplicationEventMulticaster接口方法分为三类,注册事件监听器、移除事件监听器、发布事件。

    public interface ApplicationEventMulticaster {
       void addApplicationListener(ApplicationListener<?> listener);
       void addApplicationListenerBean(String listenerBeanName);
       void removeApplicationListener(ApplicationListener<?> listener);
       void removeApplicationListenerBean(String listenerBeanName);
       void removeAllListeners();
       void multicastEvent(ApplicationEvent event);
       void multicastEvent(ApplicationEvent event, @Nullable ResolvableType eventType);
    }

执行AbstractApplicationContext.initApplicationEventMulticaster() 方法时会实例化一个bean name为applicationEventMulticaster的SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster,它的父类实现了前5个方法依靠一个内部类ListenerRetriever维护了一个Set<ApplicationListener<?>>,本质事件监听器的注册或移除就是对这个Set的添加和移除操作。

    public abstract class AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster
          implements ApplicationEventMulticaster, BeanClassLoaderAware, BeanFactoryAware {
       //包含所有的事件监听器
       private final ListenerRetriever defaultRetriever = new ListenerRetriever(false);
       //根据事件类型对事件监听器做了分组同时起到缓存的作用
       final Map<ListenerCacheKey, ListenerRetriever> retrieverCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(64);
       
       @Override
       public void addApplicationListener(ApplicationListener<?> listener) {
          synchronized (this.retrievalMutex) {
             // 如果已经注册,则显式删除代理的目标,以避免对同一个侦听器进行双重调用。
             Object singletonTarget = AopProxyUtils.getSingletonTarget(listener);
             if (singletonTarget instanceof ApplicationListener) {
                this.defaultRetriever.applicationListeners.remove(singletonTarget);
             }
             this.defaultRetriever.applicationListeners.add(listener);
             this.retrieverCache.clear();
          }
       }
    
       @Override
       public void removeApplicationListener(ApplicationListener<?> listener) {
          synchronized (this.retrievalMutex) {
             this.defaultRetriever.applicationListeners.remove(listener);
             this.retrieverCache.clear();
          }
       }
    
       private class ListenerRetriever {
          public final Set<ApplicationListener<?>> applicationListeners = new LinkedHashSet<>();
          public final Set<String> applicationListenerBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>();
          private final boolean preFiltered;
          public ListenerRetriever(boolean preFiltered) {
             this.preFiltered = preFiltered;
          }
          public Collection<ApplicationListener<?>> getApplicationListeners() {
             List<ApplicationListener<?>> allListeners = new ArrayList<>(
                   this.applicationListeners.size() + this.applicationListenerBeans.size());
             allListeners.addAll(this.applicationListeners);
             if (!this.applicationListenerBeans.isEmpty()) {
                BeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
                for (String listenerBeanName : this.applicationListenerBeans) {
                   try {
                      ApplicationListener<?> listener = beanFactory.getBean(listenerBeanName, ApplicationListener.class);
                      if (this.preFiltered || !allListeners.contains(listener)) {
                         allListeners.add(listener);
                      }
                   }
                   catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
                      // Singleton listener instance (without backing bean definition) disappeared -
                      // probably in the middle of the destruction phase
                   }
                }
             }
             if (!this.preFiltered || !this.applicationListenerBeans.isEmpty()) {
                AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(allListeners);
             }
             return allListeners;
          }
       }
    
    }

接口后两个方法由子类实现,可以看到SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster拥有一个Executor和ErrorHandler,分表表示监听器的调用线程池(如果不想使用单线程同步处理则可以设置一个线程池)和监听器处理事件失败的处理者(如果设置了的话)否则抛异常。

    public class SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster extends AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster {
       @Nullable
       private Executor taskExecutor;
       @Nullable
       private ErrorHandler errorHandler;
       public SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster() {
       }
       public SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
          setBeanFactory(beanFactory);
       }
       public void setTaskExecutor(@Nullable Executor taskExecutor) {
          this.taskExecutor = taskExecutor;
       }
       public void setErrorHandler(@Nullable ErrorHandler errorHandler) {
          this.errorHandler = errorHandler;
       }
       @Override
       public void multicastEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
          //广播事件,可以自动分析出ApplicationEvent是那种事件类型
          multicastEvent(event, resolveDefaultEventType(event));
       }
       @Override
       public void multicastEvent(final ApplicationEvent event, @Nullable ResolvableType eventType) {
          //如果eventType是null,会使用ResolvableType.forInstance(event)返回一个ResolvableType
          //这个方法内部会先判断event如果是ResolvableTypeProvider则调用getResolvableType()
          ResolvableType type = (eventType != null ? eventType : resolveDefaultEventType(event));
          //调用父类方法getApplicationListeners只取得能处理此类事件的时间监听器,依次处理
          for (final ApplicationListener<?> listener : getApplicationListeners(event, type)) {
             Executor executor = getTaskExecutor();
             if (executor != null) {
                executor.execute(() -> invokeListener(listener, event));
             }
             else {
                invokeListener(listener, event);
             }
          }
       }
    
       private ResolvableType resolveDefaultEventType(ApplicationEvent event) {
          return ResolvableType.forInstance(event);
       }
    
       protected void invokeListener(ApplicationListener<?> listener, ApplicationEvent event) {
          ErrorHandler errorHandler = getErrorHandler();
          if (errorHandler != null) {
             try {
                doInvokeListener(listener, event);
             }
             catch (Throwable err) {
                errorHandler.handleError(err);
             }
          }
          else {
             doInvokeListener(listener, event);
          }
       }
    
       @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
       private void doInvokeListener(ApplicationListener listener, ApplicationEvent event) {
          try {
             listener.onApplicationEvent(event);
          }
          catch (ClassCastException ex) {
             String msg = ex.getMessage();
             if (msg == null || matchesClassCastMessage(msg, event.getClass())) {
                // Possibly a lambda-defined listener which we could not resolve the generic event type for
                // -> let's suppress the exception and just log a debug message.
                Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                   logger.debug("Non-matching event type for listener: " + listener, ex);
                }
             }
             else {
                throw ex;
             }
          }
       }
    
       private boolean matchesClassCastMessage(String classCastMessage, Class<?> eventClass) {
          // On Java 8, the message starts with the class name: "java.lang.String cannot be cast..."
          if (classCastMessage.startsWith(eventClass.getName())) {
             return true;
          }
          // On Java 11, the message starts with "class ..." a.k.a. Class.toString()
          if (classCastMessage.startsWith(eventClass.toString())) {
             return true;
          }
          // On Java 9, the message used to contain the module name: "java.base/java.lang.String cannot be cast..."
          int moduleSeparatorIndex = classCastMessage.indexOf('/');
          if (moduleSeparatorIndex != -1 && classCastMessage.startsWith(eventClass.getName(), moduleSeparatorIndex + 1)) {
             return true;
          }
          // Assuming an unrelated class cast failure...
          return false;
       }
    
    }

SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster在进行广播时,调用父类方法AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster.getApplicationListeners(ApplicationEvent, ResolvableType)返回一组能够处理当前事件类型的事件监听器,依次去调用事件监听器的onApplicationEvent方法,默认是同步调用,也可以通过setTaskExecutor方法传入一个Executor来达到异步处理的方式。

下面重点看一下AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster#getApplicationListeners(ApplicationEvent, ResolvableType)

    protected Collection<ApplicationListener<?>> getApplicationListeners(
          ApplicationEvent event, ResolvableType eventType) {
    
       Object source = event.getSource();
       Class<?> sourceType = (source != null ? source.getClass() : null);
       //根据事件类型和事件源类型分组做缓存
       ListenerCacheKey cacheKey = new ListenerCacheKey(eventType, sourceType);
    
       // Quick check for existing entry on ConcurrentHashMap...
       ListenerRetriever retriever = this.retrieverCache.get(cacheKey);
       if (retriever != null) {
          return retriever.getApplicationListeners();
       }
    
       if (this.beanClassLoader == null ||
             (ClassUtils.isCacheSafe(event.getClass(), this.beanClassLoader) &&
                   (sourceType == null || ClassUtils.isCacheSafe(sourceType, this.beanClassLoader)))) {
          // Fully synchronized building and caching of a ListenerRetriever
          synchronized (this.retrievalMutex) {
             retriever = this.retrieverCache.get(cacheKey);
             if (retriever != null) {
                return retriever.getApplicationListeners();
             }
             retriever = new ListenerRetriever(true);
             Collection<ApplicationListener<?>> listeners =
                   retrieveApplicationListeners(eventType, sourceType, retriever);
             this.retrieverCache.put(cacheKey, retriever);
             return listeners;
          }
       }
       else {
          // No ListenerRetriever caching -> no synchronization necessary
          return retrieveApplicationListeners(eventType, sourceType, null);
       }
    }

上面代码主要检索缓存中是否存在,实际上为给定事件和源类型检索应用程序监听器的是retrieveApplicationListeners方法。

    private Collection<ApplicationListener<?>> retrieveApplicationListeners(
          ResolvableType eventType, @Nullable Class<?> sourceType, @Nullable ListenerRetriever retriever) {
    
       List<ApplicationListener<?>> allListeners = new ArrayList<>();
       Set<ApplicationListener<?>> listeners;
       Set<String> listenerBeans;
       synchronized (this.retrievalMutex) {
          listeners = new LinkedHashSet<>(this.defaultRetriever.applicationListeners);
          listenerBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>(this.defaultRetriever.applicationListenerBeans);
       }
    
       // Add programmatically registered listeners, including ones coming
       // from ApplicationListenerDetector (singleton beans and inner beans).
       for (ApplicationListener<?> listener : listeners) {
          //GenericApplicationListener、SmartApplicationListener通过supportsXXX方法
          //普通ApplicationListener通过具体事件类型过滤
          if (supportsEvent(listener, eventType, sourceType)) {
             if (retriever != null) {
                retriever.applicationListeners.add(listener);
             }
             allListeners.add(listener);
          }
       }
    
       // Add listeners by bean name, potentially overlapping with programmatically
       // registered listeners above - but here potentially with additional metadata.
       if (!listenerBeans.isEmpty()) {
          ConfigurableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
          for (String listenerBeanName : listenerBeans) {
             try {
                if (supportsEvent(beanFactory, listenerBeanName, eventType)) {
                   ApplicationListener<?> listener =
                         beanFactory.getBean(listenerBeanName, ApplicationListener.class);
                   if (!allListeners.contains(listener) && supportsEvent(listener, eventType, sourceType)) {
                      if (retriever != null) {
                         if (beanFactory.isSingleton(listenerBeanName)) {
                            retriever.applicationListeners.add(listener);
                         }
                         else {
                            retriever.applicationListenerBeans.add(listenerBeanName);
                         }
                      }
                      allListeners.add(listener);
                   }
                }
                else {
                   // Remove non-matching listeners that originally came from
                   // ApplicationListenerDetector, possibly ruled out by additional
                   // BeanDefinition metadata (e.g. factory method generics) above.
                   Object listener = beanFactory.getSingleton(listenerBeanName);
                   if (retriever != null) {
                      retriever.applicationListeners.remove(listener);
                   }
                   allListeners.remove(listener);
                }
             }
             catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
                // Singleton listener instance (without backing bean definition) disappeared -
                // probably in the middle of the destruction phase
             }
          }
       }
    
       AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(allListeners);
       if (retriever != null && retriever.applicationListenerBeans.isEmpty()) {
          retriever.applicationListeners.clear();
          retriever.applicationListeners.addAll(allListeners);
       }
       return allListeners;
    }

4、Spring事件发布:ApplicationEventPublisher

    @FunctionalInterface
    public interface ApplicationEventPublisher {
       default void publishEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
          publishEvent((Object) event);
       }
       void publishEvent(Object event);
    }

ApplicationEventPublisher仅存在两个发布ApplicationEvent的重载方法publishEvent,并无关联ApplicationListener的操作方法。不过ApplicationEventPublisher接口被ApplicationContext扩展,因此无论使用哪种ApplicationContext实例均具备发布ApplicationEvent的能力。同时ApplicationContext的子接口ConfigurableApplicationContext提供了添加ApplicationListener实例的关联方法addApplicationListener(ApplicationListener)。

    @Override
    public void addApplicationListener(ApplicationListener<?> listener) {
       Assert.notNull(listener, "ApplicationListener must not be null");
       if (this.applicationEventMulticaster != null) {
          this.applicationEventMulticaster.addApplicationListener(listener);
       }
       this.applicationListeners.add(listener);
    }

可以看到通过ConfigurableApplicationContext的addApplicationListener方法注册事件监听器也会注册到内部成员变量applicationEventMulticaster中。
既然ApplicationContext对象是ApplicationEventPublisher实例,则不难发现AbstractApplicationContext完全实现了ApplicationEventPublisher接口:

    @Override
    public void publishEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
       publishEvent(event, null);
    }
    @Override
    public void publishEvent(Object event) {
       publishEvent(event, null);
    }
    protected void publishEvent(Object event, @Nullable ResolvableType eventType) {
       Assert.notNull(event, "Event must not be null");
    
       // Decorate event as an ApplicationEvent if necessary
       ApplicationEvent applicationEvent;
       if (event instanceof ApplicationEvent) {
          applicationEvent = (ApplicationEvent) event;
       }
       else {
          applicationEvent = new PayloadApplicationEvent<>(this, event);
          if (eventType == null) {
             eventType = ((PayloadApplicationEvent) applicationEvent).getResolvableType();
          }
       }
    
       // Multicast right now if possible - or lazily once the multicaster is initialized
       if (this.earlyApplicationEvents != null) {
          this.earlyApplicationEvents.add(applicationEvent);
       }
       else {
          getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(applicationEvent, eventType);
       }
    
       // Publish event via parent context as well...
       if (this.parent != null) {
          if (this.parent instanceof AbstractApplicationContext) {
             ((AbstractApplicationContext) this.parent).publishEvent(event, eventType);
          }
          else {
             this.parent.publishEvent(event);
          }
       }
    }

明显地在publishEvent(Object,ResolvableType)方法中显示地调用了getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(applicationEvent,eventType),而applicationEventMulticaster属性又由initApplicationEventMulticaster()方法初始化。

    protected void initApplicationEventMulticaster() {
       ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
       if (beanFactory.containsLocalBean(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME)) {
          this.applicationEventMulticaster =
                beanFactory.getBean(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME, ApplicationEventMulticaster.class);
          if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
             logger.trace("Using ApplicationEventMulticaster [" + this.applicationEventMulticaster + "]");
          }
       }
       else {
          this.applicationEventMulticaster = new SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster(beanFactory);
          beanFactory.registerSingleton(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME, this.applicationEventMulticaster);
          if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
             logger.trace("No '" + APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME + "' bean, using " +
                   "[" + this.applicationEventMulticaster.getClass().getSimpleName() + "]");
          }
       }
    }

在applicationEventMulticaster初始化中,首先判断Spring应用上下文是否存在名为applicationEventMulticaster且类型为ApplicationEventMulticaster的bean,如果不存在则将其构造为SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster对象注册到Spring容器中。

5、Spring注解驱动事件监听:@EventListener

    @Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Documented
    public @interface EventListener {
    
       @AliasFor("classes")
       Class<?>[] value() default {};
    
       @AliasFor("value")
       Class<?>[] classes() default {};
    
       String condition() default "";
    
    }

condition的值为SpEL,代表true才可被处理。下表列出了项目可用的上下文,这样您就可以使用这些条件事件处理:

名称 所在位置 描述 例子
Event rootobject 实际的ApplicationEvent. #root.event
Argumentsarray rootobject 执行目标方法的参数数组 #root.args[0]
Argumentname evaluationcontext 任何方法参数的名称。出于某种原因,如果名字不是可用的(例如,因为没有调试信息),参数名称也可以使用这种形式 #a<#arg>,#arg代表参数索引(从0开始)。 #blEvent or #a0 (也可使用 #p0 或 #p<#arg>符号作为一个别名)
    @EventListener(condition = "#blEvent.content == 'my-event'")
    public void processBlackListEvent(BlackListEvent blEvent) {
        // notify appropriate parties via notificationAddress...
    }

@EventListener必须标记在Spring托管bean的public方法中,并且支持单一类型事件监听,除此之外单个@EventListener方法也支持多种事件类型的监听。

当@EventListener方法监听一个或多个ApplicationEvent时,其参数可为零到一个ApplicationEvent。

监听类型 访问性 顺序控制 返回类型 参数数量 参数类型 泛型事件
监听类型 访问性 顺序控制 返回类型 参数数量 参数类型 泛型事件
@EventListener同步方法 public @Order 任意 0或1 事件类型或泛型参数类型 支持
@EventListener异步方法 public @Order 非原生类型 0或1 事件类型或泛型参数类型 支持
实现ApplicationListener public @Order或Ordered void 1 事件类型 不支持

6、事件监听器的注册

在AbstractApplicationContext.prepareBeanFactory()方法执行的时候会添加一个BeanPostProcessor——ApplicationListenerDetector,它实现了MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor接口,在postProcessAfterInitialization()方法执行的时候检测已注册到容器中的bean如果是ApplicationListener,就通过applicationContext添加。

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) {
       if (bean instanceof ApplicationListener) {
          // potentially not detected as a listener by getBeanNamesForType retrieval
          Boolean flag = this.singletonNames.get(beanName);
          if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(flag)) {
             // singleton bean (top-level or inner): register on the fly
             this.applicationContext.addApplicationListener((ApplicationListener<?>) bean);
          }
          else if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(flag)) {
             if (logger.isWarnEnabled() && !this.applicationContext.containsBean(beanName)) {
                // inner bean with other scope - can't reliably process events
                logger.warn("Inner bean '" + beanName + "' implements ApplicationListener interface " +
                      "but is not reachable for event multicasting by its containing ApplicationContext " +
                      "because it does not have singleton scope. Only top-level listener beans are allowed " +
                      "to be of non-singleton scope.");
             }
             this.singletonNames.remove(beanName);
          }
       }
       return bean;
    }

自Spring 4.2起,事件机制明显改善,提供了一个基于注解的模型以及发布任意事件的能力。基于注解的Spring启动形式会在AnnotationConfigUtils#registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(BeanDefinitionRegistry,Object)方法内部注册一个bean name为org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor的EventListenerMethodProcessor。这个bean实现了SmartInitializingSingleton接口,在接口方法afterSingletonsInstantiated()调用时会检测容器内所有的bean,如果发现有@EventListener方法将使用容器内EventListenerFactory将此@EventListener方法包装一个ApplicationListener放入容器中。

    @Override
    public void afterSingletonsInstantiated() {
       ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = this.beanFactory;
       Assert.state(this.beanFactory != null, "No ConfigurableListableBeanFactory set");
       String[] beanNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(Object.class);
       for (String beanName : beanNames) {
          //如果一个类被代理,那么处理它的代理类即可
          if (!ScopedProxyUtils.isScopedTarget(beanName)) {
             Class<?> type = null;
             try {
                //代理模式需要取得目标类,然后取得目标类上@EventListener方法
                type = AutoProxyUtils.determineTargetClass(beanFactory, beanName);
             }
             catch (Throwable ex) {
                // An unresolvable bean type, probably from a lazy bean - let's ignore it.
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                   logger.debug("Could not resolve target class for bean with name '" + beanName + "'", ex);
                }
             }
             if (type != null) {
                if (ScopedObject.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
                   try {
                      Class<?> targetClass = AutoProxyUtils.determineTargetClass(
                            beanFactory, ScopedProxyUtils.getTargetBeanName(beanName));
                      if (targetClass != null) {
                         type = targetClass;
                      }
                   }
                   catch (Throwable ex) {
                      // An invalid scoped proxy arrangement - let's ignore it.
                      if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                         logger.debug("Could not resolve target bean for scoped proxy '" + beanName + "'", ex);
                      }
                   }
                }
                try {
                   //解析@EventListener方法的类,注册事件监听器
                   processBean(beanName, type);
                }
                catch (Throwable ex) {
                   throw new BeanInitializationException("Failed to process @EventListener " +
                         "annotation on bean with name '" + beanName + "'", ex);
                }
             }
          }
       }
    }
    
    private void processBean(final String beanName, final Class<?> targetType) {
       //缓存防止重复注册
       //只解析用户定义的类
       if (!this.nonAnnotatedClasses.contains(targetType) && !isSpringContainerClass(targetType)) {
          Map<Method, EventListener> annotatedMethods = null;
          try {
             //所有@EventListener方法
             annotatedMethods = MethodIntrospector.selectMethods(targetType,
                   (MethodIntrospector.MetadataLookup<EventListener>) method ->
                         AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotation(method, EventListener.class));
          }
          catch (Throwable ex) {
             // An unresolvable type in a method signature, probably from a lazy bean - let's ignore it.
             if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Could not resolve methods for bean with name '" + beanName + "'", ex);
             }
          }
          if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(annotatedMethods)) {
             this.nonAnnotatedClasses.add(targetType);
             if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                logger.trace("No @EventListener annotations found on bean class: " + targetType.getName());
             }
          }
          else {
             // Non-empty set of methods
             ConfigurableApplicationContext context = this.applicationContext;
             Assert.state(context != null, "No ApplicationContext set");
             List<EventListenerFactory> factories = this.eventListenerFactories;
             Assert.state(factories != null, "EventListenerFactory List not initialized");
             for (Method method : annotatedMethods.keySet()) {
                for (EventListenerFactory factory : factories) {
                   //使用Spring容器中第一个能解析此@EventListener方法的EventListenerFactory
                   if (factory.supportsMethod(method)) {
                      Method methodToUse = AopUtils.selectInvocableMethod(method, context.getType(beanName));
                      //使用EventListenerFactory将@EventListener解析为一个ApplicationListener后加入容器
                      ApplicationListener<?> applicationListener =
                            factory.createApplicationListener(beanName, targetType, methodToUse);
                      if (applicationListener instanceof ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter) {
                         ((ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter) applicationListener).init(context, this.evaluator);
                      }
                      context.addApplicationListener(applicationListener);
                      break;
                   }
                }
             }
             if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug(annotatedMethods.size() + " @EventListener methods processed on bean '" +
                      beanName + "': " + annotatedMethods);
             }
          }
       }
    }

上面的代码核心部分就是processBean()方法,内部使用容器第一个可能解析当前@EventListener的EventListenerFactory创建一个ApplicationListener用来处理@EventListener指定的类型事件。下面就是看看Spring容器都有哪些EventListenerFactory,和EventListenerFactory是如何创建ApplicationListener的?

EventListenerFactory的注册和EventListenerMethodProcessor一样在AnnotationConfigBeanDefinitionParser.parse(Element, ParserContext)方法内,bean name为org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory,是DefaultEventListenerFactory。

    public class DefaultEventListenerFactory implements EventListenerFactory, Ordered {
       private int order = LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
       public void setOrder(int order) {
          this.order = order;
       }
       @Override
       public int getOrder() {
          return this.order;
       }
       public boolean supportsMethod(Method method) {
          return true;
       }
       @Override
       public ApplicationListener<?> createApplicationListener(String beanName, Class<?> type, Method method) {
          return new ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter(beanName, type, method);
       }
    }

DefaultEventListenerFactory支持所有的方法成为ApplicationListener,下面看createApplicationListener()方法返回的ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter是如何处理@EventListener指定的事件的。

    public ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter(String beanName, Class<?> targetClass, Method method) {
       this.beanName = beanName;
       this.method = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(method);
       this.targetMethod = (!Proxy.isProxyClass(targetClass) ?
             AopUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(method, targetClass) : this.method);
       this.methodKey = new AnnotatedElementKey(this.targetMethod, targetClass);
    
       EventListener ann = AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotation(this.targetMethod, EventListener.class);
       this.declaredEventTypes = resolveDeclaredEventTypes(method, ann);
       this.condition = (ann != null ? ann.condition() : null);
       this.order = resolveOrder(method);
    }

declaredEventTypes是指事件监听器能够支持的事件类型。

    private List<ResolvableType> resolveDeclaredEventTypes(Method method, @Nullable EventListener ann) {
       //注意方法参数最多只能有一个
       int count = method.getParameterCount();
       if (count > 1) {
          throw new IllegalStateException(
                "Maximum one parameter is allowed for event listener method: " + method);
       }
    
       if (ann != null) {
          Class<?>[] classes = ann.classes();
          if (classes.length > 0) {
             List<ResolvableType> types = new ArrayList<>(classes.length);
             for (Class<?> eventType : classes) {
                types.add(ResolvableType.forClass(eventType));
             }
             return types;
          }
       }
    
       if (count == 0) {
          throw new IllegalStateException(
                "Event parameter is mandatory for event listener method: " + method);
       }
       return Collections.singletonList(ResolvableType.forMethodParameter(method, 0));
    }
    
    @Override
    public boolean supportsEventType(ResolvableType eventType) {
       for (ResolvableType declaredEventType : this.declaredEventTypes) {
          if (declaredEventType.isAssignableFrom(eventType)) {
             return true;
          }
          if (PayloadApplicationEvent.class.isAssignableFrom(eventType.toClass())) {
             ResolvableType payloadType = eventType.as(PayloadApplicationEvent.class).getGeneric();
             if (declaredEventType.isAssignableFrom(payloadType)) {
                return true;
             }
          }
       }
       return eventType.hasUnresolvableGenerics();
    }

处理事件的大致逻辑为,事件作为@EventListener方法的参数(如果是PayloadApplicationEvent则使用payload作为参数),然后执行该方法,如果有返回值则继续讲返回值作为事件发布。注意返回值是数组或集合会将集合内所有的元素单独发布。

    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
       processEvent(event);
    }
    public void processEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
       Object[] args = resolveArguments(event);
       if (shouldHandle(event, args)) {
          Object result = doInvoke(args);
          if (result != null) {
             handleResult(result);
          }
          else {
             logger.trace("No result object given - no result to handle");
          }
       }
    }
    private boolean shouldHandle(ApplicationEvent event, @Nullable Object[] args) {
       if (args == null) {
          return false;
       }
       String condition = getCondition();
       if (StringUtils.hasText(condition)) {
          Assert.notNull(this.evaluator, "EventExpressionEvaluator must not be null");
          return this.evaluator.condition(
                condition, event, this.targetMethod, this.methodKey, args, this.applicationContext);
       }
       return true;
    }
    protected void handleResult(Object result) {
       if (result.getClass().isArray()) {
          Object[] events = ObjectUtils.toObjectArray(result);
          for (Object event : events) {
             publishEvent(event);
          }
       }
       else if (result instanceof Collection<?>) {
          Collection<?> events = (Collection<?>) result;
          for (Object event : events) {
             publishEvent(event);
          }
       }
       else {
          publishEvent(result);
       }
    }

由shouldHandle()方法可知,@EventListener的condition属性决定着事件可否被处理。

7、总结Spring事件/监听机制

总结Spring事件

Spring事件的API为ApplicationEvent、继承于Java规约的抽象类java.util.EventObject,并需要显示地调用父类的构造器传递事件源参数。Spring Framework内建事件有五种,包括ContextRefreshedEvent、ContextStartedEvent、ContextStoppedEvent、ContextClosedEvent和RequestHandledEvent。其中前四种为Spring应用上下文事件,均继承于抽象类ApplicationContextEvent,以ApplicationConext作为事件源。

除了以上Spring内置事件,Spring允许应用自定义ApplicationEvent,并且能够实现自定义反省Spring事件、不过这类事件需要实现ResolvableTypeProvider接口,通过该接口暴露其泛型元信息,搭建与Spring事件/监听机制的桥梁。从广义上来看,无论Spring Boot事件还是Spring Cloud事件均属于ApplicationEvent的扩展,是特定领域的自定义Spring事件,如Spring Boot事件基类SpringApplicationEvent和Spring Cloud Bus基类RemoteApplicationEvent。

总结Spring事件监听手段

关于Spring事件监听手段,Spring层面提供了两种途径,其一是面向接口编程的ApplicationListener其二是注解驱动编程的@EventListener方法。两种途径均能监听一种或多种事件,并且支持泛型事件。从实现层面分析,@EventListener方法属于Bean方法与ApplicationListener接口的适配,即ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter。两者的差异在于,@EventListener方法必须依赖于Spring应用上下文,而ApplicationListener对象尽管默认业余ApplicationContext关联,但实际上他是ApplicationEventMulticaster实例的组成元素。

总结Spring事件广播器

Spring事件广播在Spring Framework中有两类API表达方式,一是ApplicationEventPublisher.publishEvent方法,二是ApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent。默认情况下Spring Framework仅提供一种实现,前者由AbstractApplicationContext实现,后者由SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster实现。其中SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster不但是AbstractApplicationContext实现ApplicationEventPublisher接口语义的基础,而且也为AbstractApplicationContext提供关联ApplicationListener的实现存储。

综上所述,SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster是ApplicationEvent、ApplicationListener和ConfigurableApplicationContext之间连接的纽带。

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