2023-08-07
原文作者:Ressmix 原文地址:https://www.tpvlog.com/article/268

本章,我将讲解Hystix与Feign组合使用时的初始化流程。通过Feign系列的学习,大家已经知道Feign在自动装配的时候,如果项目中有Hystrix相关的依赖,就会引入两个核心的Hystrix相关组件:

  • HystrixTargeter
  • HystrixFeign.builder()

下图为Feign的公共组件的默认装配流程:

202308072154042511.png

在使用Feign时,最终就是生成一个动态代理类,那么可以猜想,当引入了Hystrix,这个动态代理类一定是集成了Hystrix的某些组件。

一、初始化流程

我用下面这张图表述集成Hystrix后,Feign的初始化流程:

202308072154069862.png

可以看到,与之前Feign系列中讲解的初始化流程最大区别有以下几点:

  1. 使用了HystrixFeign.Builder来完成动态代理对象的构建,HystrixFeign.Builder内部封装了很多Hystrix需要的组件,比如SetterFactory.Default用来设置HystrixCommand,默认的groupKey为 服务名称,commandKey为接口+方法名称
  2. 最终使用JDK动态代理创建代理对象时,使用了HystrixInvocationHandler,这个InvocationHandler包含了Hystrix的特殊处理逻辑,比如降级。

1.1 HystrixTargeter

@FeignClient注解的接口的动态代理对象是通过FeignClientFactoryBean.getObject()生成的。而FeignClientFactoryBean内部则利用了Targeter组件,当引入Hystrix时,这个组件的具体实现类为 HystrixTargeter ,代理对象最终通过Targeter.target()生成:

    // FeignClientFactoryBean.java
    
    <T> T getTarget() {
        FeignContext context = applicationContext.getBean(FeignContext.class);
        // 这里获取到的是HystrixFeign.Builder
        Feign.Builder builder = feign(context);
        //...
        // 这里获取到的是HystrixTargeter
        Targeter targeter = get(context, Targeter.class);
        // 创建代理对象
        return (T) targeter.target(this, builder, context,
                                   new HardCodedTarget<>(type, name, url));
    }

我们来看下HystrixTargeter的具体实现:

    class HystrixTargeter implements Targeter {
    
        @Override
        public <T> T target(FeignClientFactoryBean factory, Feign.Builder feign,
                FeignContext context, Target.HardCodedTarget<T> target) {
            if (!(feign instanceof feign.hystrix.HystrixFeign.Builder)) {
                return feign.target(target);
            }
            feign.hystrix.HystrixFeign.Builder builder = (feign.hystrix.HystrixFeign.Builder) feign;
            // name为服务名称
            String name = StringUtils.isEmpty(factory.getContextId()) ? factory.getName()
                    : factory.getContextId();
    
            // HystrixCommand配置工厂
            SetterFactory setterFactory = getOptional(name, context, SetterFactory.class);
            if (setterFactory != null) {
                builder.setterFactory(setterFactory);
            }
            // fallback是@FeignClient上的注解属性值
            Class<?> fallback = factory.getFallback();
            if (fallback != void.class) {
                return targetWithFallback(name, context, target, builder, fallback);
            }
            // fallbackFactory是@FeignClient上的注解属性值
            Class<?> fallbackFactory = factory.getFallbackFactory();
            if (fallbackFactory != void.class) {
                return targetWithFallbackFactory(name, context, target, builder,
                        fallbackFactory);
            }
            return feign.target(target);
        }
    }

可以看到,相比默认的DefaultTargeter,就是多了对Fallback和FallbackFactory的处理,它们的内部处理逻辑是类似的,我以fallbackFactory为例讲解下。

1.2 FallbackFactory

FallbackFactory就是降级逻辑的工厂类,可以在@FeignClient注解中配置,比如:

    @FeignClient(name = "ServiceA",fallbackFactory = ServiceAClientFallbackFactory.class)    
    public interface ServiceAClient extends ServiceAInterface {
    }

我们来看下HystrixTargeter如何整合FallbackFactory,并创建最终的代理对象的:

    // HystrixTargeter.java
    
    private <T> T targetWithFallbackFactory(String feignClientName, FeignContext context,
                                            Target.HardCodedTarget<T> target, HystrixFeign.Builder builder,
                                            Class<?> fallbackFactoryClass) {
        // FallbackFactory接口实现类的对象(会被注入到FeignClient自身的ApplicationContext中)
        FallbackFactory<? extends T> fallbackFactory = (FallbackFactory<? extends T>) getFromContext(
            "fallbackFactory", feignClientName, context, fallbackFactoryClass,
            FallbackFactory.class);
        // 构建代理对象
        return builder.target(target, fallbackFactory);
    }

上述代码调用了HystrixFeign.target

    // HystrixFeign.java
    
    public <T> T target(Target<T> target, FallbackFactory<? extends T> fallbackFactory) {
        // 这里的target是Target.HardCodedTarget,就是个包装类而已
        return build(fallbackFactory).newInstance(target);
    }

1.3 HystrixInvocationHandler

我们继续看HystrixFeign.build():

  1. 首先设置了一个InvocationHandlerFactory,顾名思义就是用来创建JDK动态代理中的InvocationHandler对象的,可以看到这里的InvocationHandler具体实现是HystrixInvocationHandler;
  2. 接着,super.contract(new HystrixDelegatingContract(contract));就是设置一个HystrixDelegatingContract对象,这个Contract是用来解析Hystrix原生的一些注解的,比如@HystrixCommand等;
    // HystrixFeign.Builder.java
    
    // 集成Hystrix相关组件
    Feign build(final FallbackFactory<?> nullableFallbackFactory) {
        // 1.设置一个生成HystrixInvocationHandler的工厂
        super.invocationHandlerFactory(new InvocationHandlerFactory() {
            @Override
            public InvocationHandler create(Target target,
                                            Map<Method, MethodHandler> dispatch) {
                return new HystrixInvocationHandler(target, dispatch, setterFactory,
                                                    nullableFallbackFactory);
            }
        });
        // 2.设置一个HystrixDelegatingContract对象,解析Hystrix原生注解
        super.contract(new HystrixDelegatingContract(contract));
        // 3.调用HystrixFeign.Builder完成构建
        return super.build();
    }

HystrixInvocationHandler是需要我们重点关注的,后面实际执行代理对象的方法时,会触发这个类的方法的执行。可以看到,它包含了Hystrix的降级组件:

    // HystrixInvocationHandler.java
    
    final class HystrixInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
      private final Target<?> target;
      private final Map<Method, MethodHandler> dispatch;
      private final FallbackFactory<?> fallbackFactory; // Nullable
      private final Map<Method, Method> fallbackMethodMap;
      private final Map<Method, Setter> setterMethodMap;
    
      HystrixInvocationHandler(Target<?> target, Map<Method, MethodHandler> dispatch,
          SetterFactory setterFactory, FallbackFactory<?> fallbackFactory) {
        this.target = checkNotNull(target, "target");
        this.dispatch = checkNotNull(dispatch, "dispatch");
        this.fallbackFactory = fallbackFactory;
        this.fallbackMethodMap = toFallbackMethod(dispatch);
        this.setterMethodMap = toSetters(setterFactory, target, dispatch.keySet());
      }
      //...
    }

我们再来看下父类的构建,就是创建一个ReflectiveFeign,后面的流程就完全和Feign一样了:

    // Feign.Builder
    
    public Feign build() {
        Client client = Capability.enrich(this.client, capabilities);
        Retryer retryer = Capability.enrich(this.retryer, capabilities);
        List<RequestInterceptor> requestInterceptors = this.requestInterceptors.stream()
            .map(ri -> Capability.enrich(ri, capabilities))
            .collect(Collectors.toList());
        Logger logger = Capability.enrich(this.logger, capabilities);
        Contract contract = Capability.enrich(this.contract, capabilities);
        Options options = Capability.enrich(this.options, capabilities);
        Encoder encoder = Capability.enrich(this.encoder, capabilities);
        Decoder decoder = Capability.enrich(this.decoder, capabilities);
        InvocationHandlerFactory invocationHandlerFactory =
            Capability.enrich(this.invocationHandlerFactory, capabilities);
        QueryMapEncoder queryMapEncoder = Capability.enrich(this.queryMapEncoder, capabilities);
    
        SynchronousMethodHandler.Factory synchronousMethodHandlerFactory =
            new SynchronousMethodHandler.Factory(client, retryer, requestInterceptors, logger,
                                                 logLevel, decode404, closeAfterDecode, propagationPolicy, forceDecoding);
        ParseHandlersByName handlersByName =
            new ParseHandlersByName(contract, options, encoder, decoder, queryMapEncoder,
                                    errorDecoder, synchronousMethodHandlerFactory);
        return new ReflectiveFeign(handlersByName, invocationHandlerFactory, queryMapEncoder);
    }

二、HystrixInvocationHandler分析

默认情况下,Feign生成的InvocationHandler是ReflectiveFeign.FeignInvocationHandler,但是当使用了Hystrix以后,则是HystrixInvocationHandler,也就是说,当我调用代理对象的接口方法时,都会触发HystrixInvocationHandler.invoke()的执行:

202308072154097373.png

2.1 构建

我们先来回顾下通过JDK动态代理创建代理对象时,是如何构建HystrixInvocationHandler的:

    final class HystrixInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
    
      private final Target<?> target;
      private final Map<Method, MethodHandler> dispatch;
      private final FallbackFactory<?> fallbackFactory; // Nullable
      private final Map<Method, Method> fallbackMethodMap;
      private final Map<Method, Setter> setterMethodMap;
    
      HystrixInvocationHandler(Target<?> target, Map<Method, MethodHandler> dispatch,
          SetterFactory setterFactory, FallbackFactory<?> fallbackFactory) {
        this.target = checkNotNull(target, "target");
        this.dispatch = checkNotNull(dispatch, "dispatch");
        this.fallbackFactory = fallbackFactory;
        this.fallbackMethodMap = toFallbackMethod(dispatch);
        this.setterMethodMap = toSetters(setterFactory, target, dispatch.keySet());
      }
    }

构造器中就是一些属性设置,关键注意toFallbackMethodtoSetters这两个方法。

首先看toFallbackMethod,这块代码就是遍历dispatch(里面包含了<方法元数据,MethodHandler>,MethodHandler的实现类是SynchronousMethodHandler,里面包含了Feign的处理流程),将Key存放到一个Map中:

    // HystrixInvocationHandler.java
    
    static Map<Method, Method> toFallbackMethod(Map<Method, MethodHandler> dispatch) {
        Map<Method, Method> result = new LinkedHashMap<Method, Method>();
        for (Method method : dispatch.keySet()) {
            method.setAccessible(true);
            // key为方法
            result.put(method, method);
        }
        return result;
    }

再来看toSetters方法,也是生成一个Map,key是方法元数据,value是一个HystrixCommand.Setter对象,它的核心作用是设置HystrixCommand的分组:

    // HystrixInvocationHandler.java
    
    static Map<Method, Setter> toSetters(SetterFactory setterFactory, Target<?> target, Set<Method> methods) {
        Map<Method, Setter> result = new LinkedHashMap<Method, Setter>();
        for (Method method : methods) {
            method.setAccessible(true);
            result.put(method, setterFactory.create(target, method));
        }
        return result;
    }

HystrixCommand.Setter:

    // SetterFactory.java
    
    public interface SetterFactory {
      HystrixCommand.Setter create(Target<?> target, Method method);
    
      final class Default implements SetterFactory {
        @Override
        public HystrixCommand.Setter create(Target<?> target, Method method) {
          // 服务名称
          String groupKey = target.name();
          // @FeignClient标记的接口类+方法组合成一个字符串,比如 ServiceAClient#sayHello(String)
          String commandKey = Feign.configKey(target.type(), method);
          // 这是Hystrix原生的使用
          return HystrixCommand.Setter
              .withGroupKey(HystrixCommandGroupKey.Factory.asKey(groupKey))
              .andCommandKey(HystrixCommandKey.Factory.asKey(commandKey));
        }
      }
    }

关于groupKey和commandKey,不熟悉的童鞋可以去看我写的《分布式系统从理论到实战系列》。

2.2 执行

接着来看HystrixInvocationHandler的执行,本质就是生成一个HystrixCommand对象,然后将Feign的调用逻辑封装到它内部,最后调用它:

    // HystrixInvocationHandler.java
    
    @Override
    public Object invoke(final Object proxy, final Method method, final Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        // 1.如果是调用的Object类的方法,直接返回
        if ("equals".equals(method.getName())) {
            try {
                Object otherHandler =
                    args.length > 0 && args[0] != null ? Proxy.getInvocationHandler(args[0]) : null;
                return equals(otherHandler);
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                return false;
            }
        } else if ("hashCode".equals(method.getName())) {
            return hashCode();
        } else if ("toString".equals(method.getName())) {
            return toString();
        }
    
        // 2.创建一个HystrixCommand对象
        HystrixCommand<Object> hystrixCommand =
            new HystrixCommand<Object>(setterMethodMap.get(method)) {
            @Override
            protected Object run() throws Exception {
                try {
                    // 关键:根据Method元数据,从dispatch找到SynchronousMethodHandler,然后执行
                    return HystrixInvocationHandler.this.dispatch.get(method).invoke(args);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    throw e;
                } catch (Throwable t) {
                    throw (Error) t;
                }
            }
    
            // 降级逻辑
            @Override
            protected Object getFallback() {
                if (fallbackFactory == null) {
                    // 没有做降级处理,直接抛出异常
                    return super.getFallback();
                }
                try {
                    // getExecutionException()用于解析异常,返回的fallback就是降级对象
                    Object fallback = fallbackFactory.create(getExecutionException());
                    // 执行降级逻辑
                    Object result = fallbackMethodMap.get(method).invoke(fallback, args);
    
                    // 根据方法返回类型作不同处理
                    if (isReturnsHystrixCommand(method)) {
                        return ((HystrixCommand) result).execute();
                    } else if (isReturnsObservable(method)) {
                        // Create a cold Observable
                        return ((Observable) result).toBlocking().first();
                    } else if (isReturnsSingle(method)) {
                        // Create a cold Observable as a Single
                        return ((Single) result).toObservable().toBlocking().first();
                    } else if (isReturnsCompletable(method)) {
                        ((Completable) result).await();
                        return null;
                    } else if (isReturnsCompletableFuture(method)) {
                        return ((Future) result).get();
                    } else {
                        return result;
                    }
                } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                    // shouldn't happen as method is public due to being an interface
                    throw new AssertionError(e);
                } catch (InvocationTargetException | ExecutionException e) {
                    // Exceptions on fallback are tossed by Hystrix
                    throw new AssertionError(e.getCause());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    // Exceptions on fallback are tossed by Hystrix
                    Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                    throw new AssertionError(e.getCause());
                }
            }
        };
    
        // 根据方法返回类型的不同,对command执行不同调用操作
        if (Util.isDefault(method)) {
            return hystrixCommand.execute();
        } else if (isReturnsHystrixCommand(method)) {
            return hystrixCommand;
        } else if (isReturnsObservable(method)) {
            // Create a cold Observable
            return hystrixCommand.toObservable();
        } else if (isReturnsSingle(method)) {
            // Create a cold Observable as a Single
            return hystrixCommand.toObservable().toSingle();
        } else if (isReturnsCompletable(method)) {
            return hystrixCommand.toObservable().toCompletable();
        } else if (isReturnsCompletableFuture(method)) {
            return new ObservableCompletableFuture<>(hystrixCommand);
        }
        return hystrixCommand.execute();
    }

注意:由于Hystrix本身的源码大量使用了RxJava这个响应式编程框架,所以可读性非常差,我后续对其源码的分析只专注于HystrixCommand.execute()这个同步方法执行的逻辑。

三、总结

本章,我针对Hystrix整合Feign时,动态代理对象的构建流程进行了讲解。Spring Cloud支持通过@HystrixCommand使用原生的Hystrix,也支持在Feign中使用Hystrix。我在本章讲解的主要是后者(核心原理都是一样的,后面章节会讲到)。

Feign结合Hystrix一起使用时,核心思路就是针对Hystrix引入一些Feign的特殊组件,然后在最终构建代理对象时,创建一个HystrixInvocationHandler,里面包含了Hystrix的处理逻辑,这样就可以透明的将Hystrix的熔断、降级、资源隔离等功能引入到声明式方法调用中了。

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